病態性格量表(PCL-R)兩因素及其所含之各項題目
一 人際的 情感的
1 (Glibness/Superficial Charm)
2 (Grandiose Sense of Self Worth)
4 (Pathological Lying)
5 (Conning /Manipulative)
6 (Lack of Remorse or Guilt)
7 (Shallow Affect)
8 (Callous/Lack of Empathy)
16 (Failure to Accept Responsibility for Own Actions)
二 偏差的社會生活型態
3 尋求刺激/容易感到無聊
9 依賴他人過活之生活型態
10 拙劣的行為控制
12 早期出現行為問題
13 缺乏實際而長期的目標
14 衝動性
15 缺乏責任感
18 少年違犯行為
19 被撤銷 緩刑或假釋
(11 雜亂的性行為)
(17 多次短暫的婚姻關係)
(20 犯罪行為多樣式)
2011年12月7日 星期三
PCL-R 20-item checklist 檢核表
Hare's PCL-R 20-item checklist
Hare's PCL-R 20-item checklist is based on Cleckley's 16-item checklist, and the following is a discussion of the concepts in the PCL-R:
1. GLIB and SUPERFICIAL CHARM(談吐流利/表象迷人的) -- the tendency to be smooth, engaging, charming, slick, and verbally facile. Psychopathic charm is not in the least shy, self-conscious, or afraid to say anything. A psychopath never gets tongue-tied. They have freed themselves from the social conventions about taking turns in talking, for example.
2. GRANDIOSE SELF-WORTH(吹噓或誇大自我) -- a grossly inflated view of one's abilities and self-worth, self-assured, opinionated, cocky, a braggart. Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior human beings.
3. NEED FOR STIMULATION (追求刺激) or PRONENESS TO BOREDOM (容易不耐煩)– ()an excessive need for novel, thrilling, and exciting stimulation; taking chances and doing things that are risky. Psychopaths often have a low self- discipline in carrying tasks through to completion because they get bored easily. They fail to work at the same job for any length of time, for example, or to finish tasks that they consider dull or routine.
4. PATHOLOGICAL LYING(病態的說謊傾向) -- can be moderate or high; in moderate form, they will be shrewd, crafty, cunning, sly, and clever; in extreme form, they will be deceptive, deceitful, underhanded, unscrupulous, manipulative, and dishonest.
5. CONNING AND MANIPULATIVENESS(欺騙且操縱) - the use of deceit and deception to cheat, con, or defraud others for personal gain; distinguished from Item # 4 in the degree to which exploitation and callous ruthlessness is present, as reflected in a lack of concern for the feelings and suffering of one's victims.
6. LACK OF REMORSE OR GUILT (對被害人缺乏悔意或罪惡感) -- a lack of feelings or concern for the losses, pain, and suffering of victims; a tendency to be unconcerned, dispassionate, coldhearted, and unempathic. This item is usually demonstrated by a disdain for one's victims.
7. SHALLOW AFFECT(淺薄或虛偽的情感) -- emotional poverty or a limited range or depth of feelings; interpersonal coldness in spite of signs of open gregariousness.
8. CALLOUSNESS麻木不仁and LACK OF EMPATHY (缺乏同情心) -- a lack of feelings toward people in general; cold, contemptuous, inconsiderate, and tactless.
9. PARASITIC LIFESTYLE(依賴他人過活的生活方式) -- an intentional, manipulative, selfish, and exploitative financial dependence on others as reflected in a lack of motivation, low self-discipline, and inability to begin or complete responsibilities.
10. POOR BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS (自我控制差)-- expressions of irritability, annoyance, impatience, threats, aggression, and verbal abuse; inadequate control of anger and temper; acting hastily.
11. PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR(雜亂的性關係) -- a variety of brief, superficial relations, numerous affairs, and an indiscriminate selection of sexual partners; the maintenance of several relationships at the same time; a history of attempts to sexually coerce others into sexual activity or taking great pride at discussing sexual exploits or conquests.
12. EARLY BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS (早年的行為問題)-- a variety of behaviors prior to age 13, including lying, theft, cheating, vandalism, bullying, sexual activity, fire-setting, glue-sniffing, alcohol use, and running away from home.
13. LACK OF REALISTIC, LONG-TERM GOALS(缺乏實際且長遠的目標) -- an inability or persistent failure to develop and execute long-term plans and goals; a nomadic existence, aimless, lacking direction in life.
14. IMPULSIVITY(容易衝動的) -- the occurrence of behaviors that are unpremeditated and lack reflection or planning; inability to resist temptation, frustrations, and urges; a lack of deliberation without considering the consequences; foolhardy, rash, unpredictable, erratic, and reckless.
15. IRRESPONSIBILITY(無責任感) -- repeated failure to fulfill or honor obligations and commitments; such as not paying bills, defaulting on loans, performing sloppy work, being absent or late to work, failing to honor contractual agreements.
16. FAILURE TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR OWN ACTIONS (不接受自己的(犯罪)行為責任 )-- a failure to accept responsibility for one's actions reflected in low conscientiousness, an absence of dutifulness, antagonistic manipulation, denial of responsibility, and an effort to manipulate others through this denial.
17. MANY SHORT-TERM MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS (多次短暫的婚姻（同居）關係)-- a lack of commitment to a long-term relationship reflected in inconsistent, undependable, and unreliable commitments in life, including marital.
18. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (少年偏差行為) -- behavior problems between the ages of 13- 18; mostly behaviors that are crimes or clearly involve aspects of antagonism, exploitation, aggression, manipulation, or a callous, ruthless tough-mindedness.
19. REVOCATION OF CONDITION RELEASE(被撤銷緩刑或假釋) -- a revocation of probation or other conditional release due to technical violations, such as carelessness, low deliberation, or failing to appear.
20. CRIMINAL VERSATILITY (犯罪行為多樣化) -- a diversity of types of criminal offenses, regardless if the person has been arrested or convicted for them; taking great pride at getting away with crimes.
Hare's PCL-R 20-item checklist is based on Cleckley's 16-item checklist, and the following is a discussion of the concepts in the PCL-R:
1. GLIB and SUPERFICIAL CHARM(談吐流利/表象迷人的) -- the tendency to be smooth, engaging, charming, slick, and verbally facile. Psychopathic charm is not in the least shy, self-conscious, or afraid to say anything. A psychopath never gets tongue-tied. They have freed themselves from the social conventions about taking turns in talking, for example.
2. GRANDIOSE SELF-WORTH(吹噓或誇大自我) -- a grossly inflated view of one's abilities and self-worth, self-assured, opinionated, cocky, a braggart. Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior human beings.
3. NEED FOR STIMULATION (追求刺激) or PRONENESS TO BOREDOM (容易不耐煩)– ()an excessive need for novel, thrilling, and exciting stimulation; taking chances and doing things that are risky. Psychopaths often have a low self- discipline in carrying tasks through to completion because they get bored easily. They fail to work at the same job for any length of time, for example, or to finish tasks that they consider dull or routine.
4. PATHOLOGICAL LYING(病態的說謊傾向) -- can be moderate or high; in moderate form, they will be shrewd, crafty, cunning, sly, and clever; in extreme form, they will be deceptive, deceitful, underhanded, unscrupulous, manipulative, and dishonest.
5. CONNING AND MANIPULATIVENESS(欺騙且操縱) - the use of deceit and deception to cheat, con, or defraud others for personal gain; distinguished from Item # 4 in the degree to which exploitation and callous ruthlessness is present, as reflected in a lack of concern for the feelings and suffering of one's victims.
6. LACK OF REMORSE OR GUILT (對被害人缺乏悔意或罪惡感) -- a lack of feelings or concern for the losses, pain, and suffering of victims; a tendency to be unconcerned, dispassionate, coldhearted, and unempathic. This item is usually demonstrated by a disdain for one's victims.
7. SHALLOW AFFECT(淺薄或虛偽的情感) -- emotional poverty or a limited range or depth of feelings; interpersonal coldness in spite of signs of open gregariousness.
8. CALLOUSNESS麻木不仁and LACK OF EMPATHY (缺乏同情心) -- a lack of feelings toward people in general; cold, contemptuous, inconsiderate, and tactless.
9. PARASITIC LIFESTYLE(依賴他人過活的生活方式) -- an intentional, manipulative, selfish, and exploitative financial dependence on others as reflected in a lack of motivation, low self-discipline, and inability to begin or complete responsibilities.
10. POOR BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS (自我控制差)-- expressions of irritability, annoyance, impatience, threats, aggression, and verbal abuse; inadequate control of anger and temper; acting hastily.
11. PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR(雜亂的性關係) -- a variety of brief, superficial relations, numerous affairs, and an indiscriminate selection of sexual partners; the maintenance of several relationships at the same time; a history of attempts to sexually coerce others into sexual activity or taking great pride at discussing sexual exploits or conquests.
12. EARLY BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS (早年的行為問題)-- a variety of behaviors prior to age 13, including lying, theft, cheating, vandalism, bullying, sexual activity, fire-setting, glue-sniffing, alcohol use, and running away from home.
13. LACK OF REALISTIC, LONG-TERM GOALS(缺乏實際且長遠的目標) -- an inability or persistent failure to develop and execute long-term plans and goals; a nomadic existence, aimless, lacking direction in life.
14. IMPULSIVITY(容易衝動的) -- the occurrence of behaviors that are unpremeditated and lack reflection or planning; inability to resist temptation, frustrations, and urges; a lack of deliberation without considering the consequences; foolhardy, rash, unpredictable, erratic, and reckless.
15. IRRESPONSIBILITY(無責任感) -- repeated failure to fulfill or honor obligations and commitments; such as not paying bills, defaulting on loans, performing sloppy work, being absent or late to work, failing to honor contractual agreements.
16. FAILURE TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR OWN ACTIONS (不接受自己的(犯罪)行為責任 )-- a failure to accept responsibility for one's actions reflected in low conscientiousness, an absence of dutifulness, antagonistic manipulation, denial of responsibility, and an effort to manipulate others through this denial.
17. MANY SHORT-TERM MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS (多次短暫的婚姻（同居）關係)-- a lack of commitment to a long-term relationship reflected in inconsistent, undependable, and unreliable commitments in life, including marital.
18. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (少年偏差行為) -- behavior problems between the ages of 13- 18; mostly behaviors that are crimes or clearly involve aspects of antagonism, exploitation, aggression, manipulation, or a callous, ruthless tough-mindedness.
19. REVOCATION OF CONDITION RELEASE(被撤銷緩刑或假釋) -- a revocation of probation or other conditional release due to technical violations, such as carelessness, low deliberation, or failing to appear.
20. CRIMINAL VERSATILITY (犯罪行為多樣化) -- a diversity of types of criminal offenses, regardless if the person has been arrested or convicted for them; taking great pride at getting away with crimes.
sociopath
psychopath 之 相關名詞
所有在監獄受刑人中
約有 80％ 是 antisocial personality Disorder(DSM-IV-TR)
約有50％ 是 Dissocial personality Disorder （WHO: ICD-10）
約有 15％ 是 psychopath (Hare)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Sociopath)
Jump to: navigation, search
Sociopathy is a loosely-defined term that may be used to refer to:
社會病態者 是一個定義很鬆散的名詞 可能用來指..
•Psychopathy 病態性格 （心理病態）
•Antisocial personality disorder （反社會性格異常）
•Dissocial personality disorder （去社會性格異常）
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopath
所有在監獄受刑人中
約有 80％ 是 antisocial personality Disorder(DSM-IV-TR)
約有50％ 是 Dissocial personality Disorder （WHO: ICD-10）
約有 15％ 是 psychopath (Hare)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopath
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Sociopath)
Jump to: navigation, search
Sociopathy is a loosely-defined term that may be used to refer to:
社會病態者 是一個定義很鬆散的名詞 可能用來指..
•Psychopathy 病態性格 （心理病態）
•Antisocial personality disorder （反社會性格異常）
•Dissocial personality disorder （去社會性格異常）
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sociopath
2010年3月30日 星期二
ASPD < Antisocial personality disorder > PD
Antisocial Personality Disorder 反社會性格違常
症狀(問題行為)描述
「兒童時期起即不斷的出現各類行為障礙，且生活缺乏重心，毫無責任感與生活的目標，他們會反覆逃學、因行為不檢而被學校開除或留校察看、逃家、不斷說謊、常與陌生人有隨性式的性行為，年幼即抽煙嗜酒和嗑藥、偷竊、蠻橫不講理、動武打架，以及智慧足夠，但學校成績卻遠不如預期的好等等長期違反家庭或學校規範的事情，而讓親友師長從來沒有感覺長久的平靜感。通常這些孩子會持續至成年而成為各類犯罪份子，或警局監獄的常客……。」
此類反社會性性格違常屬於性格異常的一種，也稱心理病態或社會病態、悖德性性格等。如今狹義的性格違常，即指反社會型性格違常。此類性格引起的違法犯罪行為最多，同一性質的屢次犯罪，罪行特別殘酷或情節惡劣的犯人，其中1/3至2/3的人都屬於此類型性格違常。統計的流行率上男性患者多於女性。
診斷標準
（一）根據美國精神醫學協會所出版的DSM Ⅳ之界定，符合以下的準則即可診斷為反社會性性格異常：
十五歲開始，對他人權益不尊重及侵犯的廣泛模式，表現下列各項中三項（或三項以上）：
不能符合社會一般規範對手法的要求，表現於一再做出導致逮捕的行為。
狡詐虛偽，表現於一再說謊、使用化名、或為自己的利益或娛樂而欺騙愚弄他人。
做事衝動或不能事先計畫。
易怒而好攻擊，表現於一再打架或攻擊他人身體。
行事魯莽，無視自己或他人的安全。
經久的無責任感，表現於一再無法維持經久的工作或信守財務上的義務。
缺乏良心自責，表現於對傷害、虐待他人或偷竊他人財物覺得無所謂或將其合理化。
個案目前年齡至少十八歲。
反社會行為非僅發生於精神分裂症或躁狂發作的病程中。
有證據顯示個案十五歲以前為「行徑異常」（Conduct Disorder）的個案。
案主至少從15歲開始，出現對他人權益不尊重及侵犯的廣泛模式，並且經久的沒責任感，而且缺乏良心自責。但個案至少要18歲以上才能作此診斷，因為此時期的性格才容易再改變。此外，個案病史在15歲以前要有「行徑異常」的症狀。
（二）ASPD的參考資料
http://www.tht.edu.tw/3/student_affairs/%E5%AD%B8%E8%BC%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83/E04_03_3-16.doc 變態心理學
症狀(問題行為)描述
「兒童時期起即不斷的出現各類行為障礙，且生活缺乏重心，毫無責任感與生活的目標，他們會反覆逃學、因行為不檢而被學校開除或留校察看、逃家、不斷說謊、常與陌生人有隨性式的性行為，年幼即抽煙嗜酒和嗑藥、偷竊、蠻橫不講理、動武打架，以及智慧足夠，但學校成績卻遠不如預期的好等等長期違反家庭或學校規範的事情，而讓親友師長從來沒有感覺長久的平靜感。通常這些孩子會持續至成年而成為各類犯罪份子，或警局監獄的常客……。」
此類反社會性性格違常屬於性格異常的一種，也稱心理病態或社會病態、悖德性性格等。如今狹義的性格違常，即指反社會型性格違常。此類性格引起的違法犯罪行為最多，同一性質的屢次犯罪，罪行特別殘酷或情節惡劣的犯人，其中1/3至2/3的人都屬於此類型性格違常。統計的流行率上男性患者多於女性。
診斷標準
（一）根據美國精神醫學協會所出版的DSM Ⅳ之界定，符合以下的準則即可診斷為反社會性性格異常：
十五歲開始，對他人權益不尊重及侵犯的廣泛模式，表現下列各項中三項（或三項以上）：
不能符合社會一般規範對手法的要求，表現於一再做出導致逮捕的行為。
狡詐虛偽，表現於一再說謊、使用化名、或為自己的利益或娛樂而欺騙愚弄他人。
做事衝動或不能事先計畫。
易怒而好攻擊，表現於一再打架或攻擊他人身體。
行事魯莽，無視自己或他人的安全。
經久的無責任感，表現於一再無法維持經久的工作或信守財務上的義務。
缺乏良心自責，表現於對傷害、虐待他人或偷竊他人財物覺得無所謂或將其合理化。
個案目前年齡至少十八歲。
反社會行為非僅發生於精神分裂症或躁狂發作的病程中。
有證據顯示個案十五歲以前為「行徑異常」（Conduct Disorder）的個案。
案主至少從15歲開始，出現對他人權益不尊重及侵犯的廣泛模式，並且經久的沒責任感，而且缺乏良心自責。但個案至少要18歲以上才能作此診斷，因為此時期的性格才容易再改變。此外，個案病史在15歲以前要有「行徑異常」的症狀。
（二）ASPD的參考資料
http://www.tht.edu.tw/3/student_affairs/%E5%AD%B8%E8%BC%94%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83/E04_03_3-16.doc 變態心理學
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