PCL-R 20-item checklist 檢核表

Hare's PCL-R 20-item checklist




Hare's PCL-R 20-item checklist is based on Cleckley's 16-item checklist, and the following is a discussion of the concepts in the PCL-R:


1. GLIB and SUPERFICIAL CHARM(談吐流利/表象迷人的) -- the tendency to be smooth, engaging, charming, slick, and verbally facile. Psychopathic charm is not in the least shy, self-conscious, or afraid to say anything. A psychopath never gets tongue-tied. They have freed themselves from the social conventions about taking turns in talking, for example.






2. GRANDIOSE SELF-WORTH(吹噓或誇大自我) -- a grossly inflated view of one's abilities and self-worth, self-assured, opinionated, cocky, a braggart. Psychopaths are arrogant people who believe they are superior human beings.


3. NEED FOR STIMULATION (追求刺激) or PRONENESS TO BOREDOM (容易不耐煩)– ()an excessive need for novel, thrilling, and exciting stimulation; taking chances and doing things that are risky. Psychopaths often have a low self- discipline in carrying tasks through to completion because they get bored easily. They fail to work at the same job for any length of time, for example, or to finish tasks that they consider dull or routine.


4. PATHOLOGICAL LYING(病態的說謊傾向) -- can be moderate or high; in moderate form, they will be shrewd, crafty, cunning, sly, and clever; in extreme form, they will be deceptive, deceitful, underhanded, unscrupulous, manipulative, and dishonest.


5. CONNING AND MANIPULATIVENESS(欺騙且操縱) - the use of deceit and deception to cheat, con, or defraud others for personal gain; distinguished from Item # 4 in the degree to which exploitation and callous ruthlessness is present, as reflected in a lack of concern for the feelings and suffering of one's victims.


6. LACK OF REMORSE OR GUILT (對被害人缺乏悔意或罪惡感) -- a lack of feelings or concern for the losses, pain, and suffering of victims; a tendency to be unconcerned, dispassionate, coldhearted, and unempathic. This item is usually demonstrated by a disdain for one's victims.


7. SHALLOW AFFECT(淺薄或虛偽的情感) -- emotional poverty or a limited range or depth of feelings; interpersonal coldness in spite of signs of open gregariousness.


8. CALLOUSNESS麻木不仁and LACK OF EMPATHY (缺乏同情心) -- a lack of feelings toward people in general; cold, contemptuous, inconsiderate, and tactless.


9. PARASITIC LIFESTYLE(依賴他人過活的生活方式) -- an intentional, manipulative, selfish, and exploitative financial dependence on others as reflected in a lack of motivation, low self-discipline, and inability to begin or complete responsibilities.


10. POOR BEHAVIORAL CONTROLS (自我控制差)-- expressions of irritability, annoyance, impatience, threats, aggression, and verbal abuse; inadequate control of anger and temper; acting hastily.


11. PROMISCUOUS SEXUAL BEHAVIOR(雜亂的性關係) -- a variety of brief, superficial relations, numerous affairs, and an indiscriminate selection of sexual partners; the maintenance of several relationships at the same time; a history of attempts to sexually coerce others into sexual activity or taking great pride at discussing sexual exploits or conquests.


12. EARLY BEHAVIOR PROBLEMS (早年的行為問題)-- a variety of behaviors prior to age 13, including lying, theft, cheating, vandalism, bullying, sexual activity, fire-setting, glue-sniffing, alcohol use, and running away from home.


13. LACK OF REALISTIC, LONG-TERM GOALS(缺乏實際且長遠的目標) -- an inability or persistent failure to develop and execute long-term plans and goals; a nomadic existence, aimless, lacking direction in life.


14. IMPULSIVITY(容易衝動的) -- the occurrence of behaviors that are unpremeditated and lack reflection or planning; inability to resist temptation, frustrations, and urges; a lack of deliberation without considering the consequences; foolhardy, rash, unpredictable, erratic, and reckless.


15. IRRESPONSIBILITY(無責任感) -- repeated failure to fulfill or honor obligations and commitments; such as not paying bills, defaulting on loans, performing sloppy work, being absent or late to work, failing to honor contractual agreements.


16. FAILURE TO ACCEPT RESPONSIBILITY FOR OWN ACTIONS (不接受自己的(犯罪)行為責任 )-- a failure to accept responsibility for one's actions reflected in low conscientiousness, an absence of dutifulness, antagonistic manipulation, denial of responsibility, and an effort to manipulate others through this denial.


17. MANY SHORT-TERM MARITAL RELATIONSHIPS (多次短暫的婚姻（同居）關係)-- a lack of commitment to a long-term relationship reflected in inconsistent, undependable, and unreliable commitments in life, including marital.


18. JUVENILE DELINQUENCY (少年偏差行為) -- behavior problems between the ages of 13- 18; mostly behaviors that are crimes or clearly involve aspects of antagonism, exploitation, aggression, manipulation, or a callous, ruthless tough-mindedness.


19. REVOCATION OF CONDITION RELEASE(被撤銷緩刑或假釋) -- a revocation of probation or other conditional release due to technical violations, such as carelessness, low deliberation, or failing to appear.


20. CRIMINAL VERSATILITY (犯罪行為多樣化) -- a diversity of types of criminal offenses, regardless if the person has been arrested or convicted for them; taking great pride at getting away with crimes.